Chlorine-free biomass processing: Enzymatic alternatives for bleaching and hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials

Abstract

This chapter presents biocatalytic alternatives for the processing of lignocellulosic materials with chlorine compounds in the pulp and paper industry and in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for the production of biomass sugar syrups and, ultimately, biofuels and chemicals. The advantages and disadvantages of the current chemical processes, their effects on the organisms and the environment, and the options for biocatalytic routes are discussed with the aim of contributing to the shift toward innovative and sustainable industrial processes. This shift is not an easy task due to economic reasons and to the impact on the operation logistics of the chemical industry worldwide. However, this investment is a necessary step for the future, when green processes will improve production and be required by the ever-growing restrictive regulations for the industrial sector.