Neoadjuvant pazopanib treatment in high-risk soft tissue sarcoma: A quantitative dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT study of the german interdisciplinary Sarcoma Group

Abstract

The outcome of high-risk soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is poor with radical surgery being the only potentially curative modality. Pazopanib is a multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of metastatic STS. Herein in terms of the German Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Group (GISG-04/NOPASS) trial we evaluate the potential role of kinetic analysis of fludeoxyglucose F-18 (18F-FDG) data derived from the application of dynamic positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in response assessment to pazopanib of STS patients scheduled for surgical resection. Sixteen STS patients treated with pazopanib as neoadjuvant therapy before surgery were enrolled in the analysis. All patients underwent dynamic PET/CT prior to and after pazopanib treatment. Data analysis consisted of visual (qualitative) analysis of the PET/CT scans semi-quantitative evaluation based on standardized uptake value (SUV) calculations and quantitative analysis of the dynamic18F-FDG PET data based on two-tissue compartment modeling. Resection specimens were histopathologically assessed and the percentage of regression grade was recorded in 14/16 patients. Time to tumor relapse/progression was also calculated. In the follow-up 12/16 patients (75%) were alive without relapse while four patients (25%) relapsed among them one patient died. Median histopathological regression was 20% (mean 26% range 5–70%). The studied population was dichotomized using a histopathological regression grade of 20% as cut-off. Based on this threshold 10/14 patients (71%) showed partial remission (PR) while stable disease (SD) was seen in the rest 4 evaluable patients (29%). Semi-quantitative evaluation showed no statistically significant change in the widely used PET parameters SUVaverage and SUVmax. On the other hand18F-FDG kinetic analysis revealed a significant decrease in the perfusion-related parameter K1 which reflects the carrier-mediated transport of18F-FDG from plasma to tumor. This decrease can be considered as a marker in response to pazopanib in STS and could be due to the anti-angiogenic effect of the therapeutic agent.