Mid-latitude ionospheric signature of a weak solar flare in winter

Abstract

Measurements of the amplitude and phase of very low frequency transmitter signals were used to evaluate the effects on the ionosphere of a moderate intensity solar flare that occurred on 13 December 2007. These measurements were compared to modelled results from the Long Wave Propagation Capability code. The ionospheric effects were found to be delayed by ∼1 min with respect to the 0.1-0.8 nm solar X-ray flux. © 2013. The Authors.