The investigation of the significance of a positive direct antiglobulin test in blood donors

Abstract

Sixty-two samples from 62 donors were investigated to determine the significance of warm IgG autoantibodies that were detected using a gel system during compatibility testing. The presence of autoantibodies on the red cells was confirmed by elution studies. Twelve of 23 strongly positive samples, 7 of 19 moderately positive samples, and 6 of 11 weakly positive samples were studied. The remaining nine samples were found positive during crossmatching, then negative when it was repeated. These nine samples were not included in this study. With a tube test, most of the antibodies had titers from 4 to 8. IgG subclass studies showed that 14 of 25 samples with reactive eluates contained IgG1, one contained IgG1+IgG2, one contained IgG1+IgG4, and two contained IgG1+IgG3 weak. The frequency of donors with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was ∼ 1 in 3000 and males were twice as likely to be DAT positive (8 females vs. 17 males in this study). None of the donors had hemolysis. Two donors showed low-titer anticardiolipin antibodies. We conclude that DAT-positive donors can be a problem during compatibility testing when sensitive methods are used.