Clinical-epidemiological characteristics and survival of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to COVID-19, according to the COVID-19 vaccination schedule in Brazil, 2021-2022: a prospective study

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and survival of individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 according to the COVID-19 vaccination schedule, Brazil, 2021-2022. METHODS: This was a cohort study based on data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System; the Kaplan-Meier and Survival Tree methods were used to analyze survival. RESULTS: Among the 559,866 hospitalized cases, a higher proportion of vaccinated individuals was found among female (15.0%), elderly people aged ≥ 80 (34.5%), people from the Southeast region (15.7%), those who did not undergo respiratory support (21.2%) and those who did progress to death (15.2%); the survival curve showed that risk of death for unvaccinated individuals was higher in all age groups (p-value < 0.001); elderly people aged ≥ 80, who did not undergo mechanical ventilation and who had a booster dose had lower risk when compared to their peers who had two doses or were unvaccinated (hazard ratio = 0.64; 95%CI 0.62;0.67). CONCLUSION: Lowest risk of death was found in vaccinated individuals, especially those who had two doses or a booster dose as well. MAIN RESULTS: Prevalence was found to be high among unvaccinated individuals. Risk of death was lower among those vaccinated with a booster dose, compared to those not vaccinated, in all age groups analyzed. IMPLICATIONS FOR SERVICES: The number of hospitalizations of unvaccinated individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome was high, which increases the demand for health services to care for these individuals. PERSPECTIVES: It is necessary to promote widespread vaccination of the entire population of Brazil, in addition to the regular provision of booster doses for the different population groups.