Bee and wasp venom allergy

Abstract

Hypersensitivity reactions to the stings of the Aculeata (stinging insects) are predominantly immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions that manifest as large local reactions or potentially life-threatening generalized allergic reactions. In Central Europe, the stings of honeybees or certain wasps are predominantly responsible for significant sting reactions. Acute symptoms following an insect sting are treated symptomatically. After generalized reactions or large local reactions, long-term sting prevention measures and instructions on self-help in the case of a renewed sting reaction are indicated. Skin tests and specific IgE antibodies are used to check sensitization to bee and wasp venom. Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is indicated in most cases of honeybee or wasp venom anaphylaxis, for which an increased maintenance dose is sometimes required. SIT is urgently indicated in cases of mast cell disease, old age, or a high risk of further stings.