BACTERIAL PROFILE, ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS, AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANT PATIENTS IN ERBIL CITY

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Cancer are one of the major global health problems, patients with hematological malignancies are highly susceptible to almost any type of bacteria. In this study, we aimed to determine the bacterial profile, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and associated factors among patients with hematological malignancies. Method: A consecutive 70 hematological malignancies patients were enrolled from January to October, 2020; at Nanakaly hospital for blood disease and cancer in Erbil-Kurdistan region. Clinical data and Socio-demographic were collected by a structured questionnaire. Culture and antibiotic resistance were performed following standard microbiological procedures. Result: The incidence of bacterial infection among examined cancer patients were 62.8 % (44/70). E.coli was among the predominant bacterial isolates (20%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (11%), Streptococcus parasnguinis, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (9%). These bacterial isolates were resistant to different antibiotics. Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to several antibiotics including, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, piperacillin, and cefepime, but they were sensitive to imipenem, amikacin and tigecycline. While gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to tetracycline, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, ampicillin, and erythromycin, but they were highly sensitive to linezolid, tigecycline, imipenem and vancomycin. The majority of resistance organism against fluoroquinolone were E.coli (72.7%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (66.7%). Among gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus parasnguinis was highly resistance while sensitive organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, CoNS, viridance streptococcus and Enterococcus faecalis. Conclusion: Among hematological malignant patients, the majority of patients were diagnosed as acute leukemia, gram-negative bacteria were more frequently isolates comparing with gram-positive bacteria. E coli was among predominant pathogen followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus parasnguinis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus.