Detection of melamine in feed using liquid-liquid extraction treatment combined with surface-enhanced raman scattering spectroscopy

Abstract

A rapid, selective, and sensitive method to determine the melamine content in animal feeds was developed using surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy on aggregated 55 nm Au nanoparticles with liquid-liquid extraction sample preparation. Butyl alcohol was used as the initial extraction solvent, and liquid-liquid extraction was performed twice using HCl (pH 3-4) and 6:1 (v/v) n-butyl alcohol/ethyl acetate. The intensity of the matrix-based peak at 731 cm-1 was set at 100 as a basis for the feeds, and the peak at 707 cm-1 was the characteristic peak of melamine used in the calculations. Sufficient linearity was obtained in the range 2-10 μg·g-1( R2= 0.991). Limits of detection and quantification in the feeds were 0.5 and 2 μg·g-1, respectively. The recovery rates were 82.5-90.2% with coefficients of variation below 4.02%. This new protocol could be easily developed for the routine monitoring of on-site feed quality and market surveillance.