Treatment planning, needle insertion, 8 image guidance, and endpoint assessment

Abstract

For IRE in curative intent, the entire tumor with an appropriate safety margin must be covered by a sufficiently strong electrical field. The exact threshold depends on the tissue type and IRE parameters including pulse duration and pulse number [1], but generally electric fields higher than 600 V/cm are recommended [2]. To achieve this, exact placement of two up to six electrodes around and/or inside the tumor at precisely defined distances is necessary. For large tumors requiring more than six electrodes, they can be repositioned to perform overlapping ablations.