School bullying and cyberbullying: Prevalence, characteristics, outcomes, and prevention

Abstract

This chapter reviews knowledge about school bullying and cyberbullying. It first reviews the historical development of these problems and of research on these topics. Then it reviews the prevalence and personal characteristics of school bullies and cyberbullies, and family influences on them. Instruments used to measure school bullying and cyberbullying, and the long-term outcomes of these problems, are also reviewed. Finally, there is a review of effective interventions to reduce these problems.