Into the Storm: a Mixed Methods Evaluation of Reasons for Non-attendance of Appointments in the Free Clinic Setting

Abstract

Non-attendance of healthcare appointments impact individual health outcomes and the capacity and financial stability of clinics. While non-attendance of appointments has been associated with a variety of factors, interventions to increase attendance have had mixed success. The most widely used intervention, reminder systems like phone calls or text messages, generally improves attendance rates but is insufficient for many clinics as a sole intervention. This study of underresourced patients who did not attend appointments at two clinics for uninsured individuals describes the multifactorial, individualized, and interacting reasons for non-attendance among these methods: Forty-three patients were interviewed by phone within 3 weeks of missing a clinic appointment using a scripted interview based on the literature. Responses were coded and analyzed. For 57% of respondents, a competing priority such as work or caregiving was a reason for missing an appointment. Forgetting about the appointment was a barrier for 38% of participants despite reminder systems being in place. Contributions to non-attendance were identified through thematic analysis: emotional and physical exhaustion, prioritization of work over healthcare, unreliable transportation, financial stress, and being unaware of an appointment. These findings demonstrate the need to test multiple patient-centered interventions, particularly in the context of underresourced communities.