From virginity certificates to hymenoplasty surgery in France

Abstract

"In the Republic, it is not allowed to deliver virginity certificates, prior to marriage; in the French Republic, the laws of religion cannot prevail over the laws of the Republic"said President Emmanuel Macron in February 2020. Nevertheless, what about the religious status of these certificates? Why focusing only on virginity certificates without mentioning the concomitant practice of hymen rehabilitation? There is a whole range of revirginization surgical practices, such as nymphoplasty or vaginoplasty, among which hymenoplasty figures only incidentally?