Getting From Here to There: A Roadmap

Abstract

Industry 4.0 is one of the major drivers of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The first industrial revolution was triggered by water and steam power to move from human labour to mechanical manufacturing. The second industrial revolution built on electric power to create mass production. The third used electronics and information technology to automate manufacturing. The fourth is the current trend of automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies. It includes cyber-physical systems, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), and cloud computing. Industry 4.0 is gradually implemented, often with digitalization as the first important step. Digital technologies allow for new business models and value-producing opportunities, and are attainable for most developing countries.