A Sensorimotor Rhythm-Based Brain–Computer Interface Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation for Handgrasp Rehabilitation

Abstract

Each year, 795,000 stroke patients suffer a new or recurrent stroke and 235,000 severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occur in the US. These patients are susceptible to a combination of significant motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits, and it becomes difficult or impossible for them to perform activities of daily living due to residual functional impairments. Recently, sensorimotor rhythm (SMR)-based brain–computer interface (BCI)-controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been studied for restoration and rehabilitation of motor deficits. To provide future neuroergonomists with the limitations of current BCI-controlled FES research, this chapter presents the state-of-the-art SMR-based BCI-controlled FES technologies, such as current motor imagery (MI) training procedures and guidelines, an EEG-channel montage used to decode MI features, and brain features evoked by MI.