Epigenetics in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, are highly complex, due to their multifactorial origin, not only depending on genetic but also on environmental factors. Several genetic risk factors have already been associated with both the diseases, however, the precise way through which the environment contributes to neurodegeneration is still unclear. Recently, epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling or miRNAs, which may induce alterations in genes expression, have started to be implicated in both AD and PD. Epigenetic modulation is present since pre-natal stages and throughout lifetime, and depends on lifestyle conditions and environmental exposures, and consequently could represent the missing link between risk factors and the development of sporadic disorders. This chapter will discusses the role of epigenetics in AD and PD.