Rupture Process of the 1969 and 1975 Kurile Earthquakes Estimated from Tsunami Waveform Analyses

Abstract

The 1969 and 1975 great Kurile earthquakes occurred along the Kurile trench. Tsunamis generated by these earthquakes were observed at tide gauge stations around the coasts of the Okhotsk Sea and Pacific Ocean. To understand rupture process of the 1969 and 1975 earthquakes, slip distributions of the 1969 and 1975 events were estimated using tsunami waveform inversion technique. Seismic moments estimated from slip distributions of the 1969 and 1975 earthquakes were 1.1 × 1021 Nm (Mw 8.0) and 0.6 × 1021 Nm (Mw 7.8), respectively. The 1973 Nemuro-Oki earthquake occurred at the plate interface adjacent to that ruptured by the 1969 Kurile earthquake. The 1975 Shikotan earthquake occurred in a shallow region of the plate interface where was not ruptured by the 1969 Kurile earthquake. Further, like a sequence of the 1969 and 1975 earthquakes, it is possible that a great earthquake may occur in a shallow part of the plate interface a few years after a great earthquake that occurs in a deeper part of the same region along the trench.