Bridging STEM and linguistic gaps: A review of multilingual teaching approaches in science education

Abstract

This paper examines how multilingual education strategies can be applied within STEM classrooms to bridge linguistic gaps and enhance learning outcomes. It reviews various teaching approaches incorporating multiple languages in conveying scientific concepts, aiming to improve accessibility, and understanding for students from diverse linguistic backgrounds. The analysis includes case studies of schools successfully implementing multilingual STEM programs, highlighting the benefits and challenges of such educational practices. Multilingualism presents challenges and opportunities in science education, particularly in bridging the gap between STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) subjects and linguistic diversity. This review provides an overview of the key themes and findings from a review of multilingual teaching approaches in science education. The review highlights multilingual students' challenges in STEM education, including language barriers that may impede their understanding of complex scientific concepts. It also examines the importance of addressing these challenges through innovative teaching approaches that leverage students' linguistic diversity as a strength rather than a limitation. Key findings from the review include the effectiveness of bilingual education models, such as content and language-integrated learning (CLIL), in enhancing students' scientific literacy and language proficiency. These models allow students to develop their STEM knowledge and language skills in tandem, leading to improved academic outcomes. The review also discusses the role of culturally responsive teaching in engaging multilingual students in STEM subjects. By incorporating students' cultural and linguistic backgrounds into the curriculum, educators can create more inclusive and effective learning environments that cater to the diverse needs of learners. Overall, the review highlights the importance of adopting a multilingual approach to teaching STEM subjects, which recognizes and values students' linguistic diversity. By embracing multilingualism in science education, educators can help bridge the gap between STEM and linguistic gaps, ultimately promoting more significant equity and inclusivity in STEM education.