Properties of Cellulose Pulp and Polyurethane Composite Films Fabricated with Curcumin by Using NMMO Ionic Liquid

Abstract

Cellulose pulp (CP), polyurethane (PU), and curcumin-based biocompatible composite films were prepared using a simple cost-effective method. Significant structural and microstructural changes were studied using FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM. The 5% and 10% gravimetric losses of the CP/PU/curcumin composite were found to be in the range 87.2–182.3◦C and 166.7–249.8◦C, respectively. All the composites exhibited single Tg values in the range 147.4–154.2◦C. The tensile strength of CP was measured to be 93.2 MPa, which dropped to 14.1 MPa for the 1:0.5 CP/PU composite and then steadily increased to 30.5 MPa with further addition of PU. The elongation at the break of the composites decreased from 8.1 to 3.7% with the addition of PU. The addition of PU also improved the water vapor permeability (3.96 × 10–9 to 1.75 × 10–9 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1 ) and swelling ratio (285 to 202%) of the CP composite films. The CP/PU/curcumin composite exhibited good antioxidant activity and no cytotoxicity when tested on the HaCat cell line. The visual appearance and UV transmittance (86.2–32.9% at 600 nm) of the CP composite films were significantly altered by the incorporation of PU and curcumin. This study demonstrates that CP/PU/curcumin composites can be used for various packaging and biomedical applications.