Newcastle Disease and Other Avian Paramyxoviruses

Abstract

New castle disease (ND) (also “pseudofowl pest” and “avian pneumoencephalitis”) is an OIE-listed disease caused by the virulent strains of avian avulavirus 1 (formerly avian paramyxovirus-1) of genus Avulavirus (formerly Paramyxovirus) of the family Paramyxoviridae. It is an economically devastating viral disease of poultry industry which often led to trade restrictions and bans. Apart from domestic birds, natural or experimental NDV infection has been established in at least 250 bird species from 27 of the 50 Orders. In humans, especially in occupational risk groups, the virus causes a transient eye infection. Human NDV infections have typically occurred in result of direct contact with sick birds or infected carcasses. Ideal strategies to prevent and control ND in endemic countries include strict biosecurity measures, rigorous vaccination programs, active surveillance, culling, and proper disposal of infected carcasses. Efforts are being made to develop new NDV vaccine strategies that offer sterilizing immunity, which will prevent both clinical disease and shedding of the virus.