Pharmaceutical Activation or Genetic Absence of ClC-2 Alters Tight Junctions during Experimental Colitis

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Abstract

Background: We have previously reported that the ClC-2 chloride channel has an important role in regulation of tight junction barrier function during experimental colitis, and the pharmaceutical ClC-2 activator lubiprostone initiates intestinal barrier repair in ischemic-injured intestine. Thus, we hypothesized that pharmaceutical ClC-2 activation would have a protective and therapeutic effect in murine models of colitis, which would be absent in ClC-2-/- mice. Methods: We administered lubiprostone to wild-type or ClC-2-/- mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or 2, 4, 5-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. We determined the severity of colitis and assessed intestinal permeability. Selected tight junction proteins were analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy, whereas proliferative and differentiated cells were examined with special staining and immunohistochemistry. Results: Oral preventive or therapeutic administration of lubiprostone significantly reduced the severity of colitis and reduced intestinal permeability in both DSS and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. Preventive treatment with lubiprostone induced significant recovery of the expression and distribution of selected sealing tight junction proteins in mice with DSS-induced colitis. In addition, lubiprostone reduced crypt proliferation and increased the number of differentiated epithelial cells. Alternatively, when lubiprostone was administered to ClC-2-/- mice, the protective effect against DSS colitis was limited. Conclusions: This study suggests a central role for ClC-2 in restoration of barrier function and tight junction architecture in experimental murine colitis, which can be therapeutically targeted with lubiprostone.

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Jin, Y., Pridgen, T. A., & Blikslager, A. T. (2015). Pharmaceutical Activation or Genetic Absence of ClC-2 Alters Tight Junctions during Experimental Colitis. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 21(12), 2747–2757. https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0000000000000550

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