Vitamin D and dental caries in controlled clinical trials: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Vitamin D has been used to prevent and treat dental caries. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of controlled clinical trials (CCTs) assessing the impact of vitamin D on dental caries prevention. Random-effects and meta-regression models were used to evaluate overall and subgroup-specific relative-rate estimates. Twenty-four CCTs encompassing 2,827 children met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-two of the 24 CCTs predated modern clinical trial design, some of which nonetheless reported characteristics such as pseudo-randomization (n=2), blinding (n=4), or use of placebos (n=8). The relative-rate estimates of the 24 CCTs exhibited significant heterogeneity (P<0.0001), and there was evidence of significant publication bias (P<0.001). The pooled relative-rate estimate of supplemental vitamin D was 0.53 (95% CI, 0.43-0.65). No robust differences were identified between the caries-preventive effects of vitamin D2, vitamin D3, and ultraviolet radiation (Prob>F=0.22). The analysis of CCT data identified vitamin D as a promising caries-preventive agent, leading to a low-certainty conclusion that vitamin D may reduce the incidence of caries. © 2012 International Life Sciences Institute.