Cocaine Reduces Ciliary Beat Frequency of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells

Abstract

Background/Aim: Cocaine is a widely used recreational drug and is known for its nasal complications including epithelial, cartilage and bone damage. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of cocaine on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of human nasal epithelial cells and therefore better understand its side effects on nasal mucosa. Materials and Methods: Nasal epithelial cells of 21 healthy subjects were harvested and exposed in vitro to cocaine hydrochloride solutions ranging from 0.875% to 7%. High-speed video footage was acquired with phase contrast microscopy and CBF was analyzed with Sissons-Ammons Video Analysis (SAVA) software. Results: All tested concentrations led to a significant reduction in CBF compared to the control. Effects increased over time and with concentration. A mechanical inhibition of cilia by cocaine crystals was also observed. Conclusion: We assume that CBF reduction is part of the pathomechanism leading to nasal complications in cocaine abuse. Considering these results, clinical usage of cocaine should be critically evaluated and restricted to select cases only.