Solid-State Fermentation of Agro-Industrial Waste Using Hetero fermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria

Abstract

Solid-state fermentation is commonly applied to valorize agro-industrial waste to produce various bioproducts. Good solid-state fermentation highly depends on the development of inoculum before the fermentation. The development of inoculum using suitable bacteria and the appropriate age of inoculum may reduce the lag phase and accelerate bacterial growth during fermentation. This chapter describes the solid-state fermentation of agro-industrial wastes using heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria with a focus on the stage of inoculum development, including preparation of medium, activation of bacteria, and growth curve analysis, to determine bacterial growth rate during the fermentation. This process can also be applied to other complex solid substrates.