Cyberknife dosimetric planning using a dose-limiting shell method for brain metastases

Abstract

Objective: We investigated the effect of optimization in dose-limiting shell method on the dosimetric quality of CyberKnife (CK) plans in treating brain metastases (BMs). Methods: We selected 19 BMs previously treated using CK between 2014 and 2015. The original CK plans (CKoriginal) had been produced using 1 to 3 dose-limiting shells: one at the prescription isodose level (PIDL) for dose conformity and the others at low-isodose levels (10–30% of prescription dose) for dose spillage. In each case, a modified CK plan (CKmodified) was generated using 5 dose-limiting shells: one at the PIDL, another at intermediate isodose level (50% of prescription dose) for steeper dose fall-off, and the others at low-isodose levels, with an optimized shell-dilation size based on our experience. A Gamma Knife (GK) plan was also produced using the original contour set. Thus, three data sets of dosimetric parameters were generated and compared. Results: There were no differences in the conformity indices among the CKoriginal, CKmodified, and GK plans (mean 1.22, 1.18, and 1.24, respectively; p=0.079) and tumor coverage (mean 99.5%, 99.5%, and 99.4%, respectively; p=0.177), whereas the CKmodified plans produced significantly smaller normal tissue volumes receiving 50% of prescription dose than those produced by the CKoriginal plans (p<0.001), with no statistical differences in those volumes compared with GK plans (p=0.345). Conclusion: These results indicate that significantly steeper dose fall-off is able to be achieved in the CK system by optimizing the shell function while maintaining high conformity of dose to tumor.