Reusable Hyperbranched Polyethylenimine-Functionalized Ethyl Cellulose Film for the Removal of Phosphate with Easy Separation

Abstract

The design of a reusable film adsorbent with easy solid-liquid separation for the removal of phosphate is necessary and significant but remains hugely challenging. Herein, the hyperbranched polyethylenimine-functionalized ethyl cellulose (HPEI-EC) film was successfully synthesized by a one-step solution-casting method. The structure and elemental composition of the HPEI-EC film were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The phosphate adsorption capacity of the HPEI-EC film was 15.53 mg g-1, which is 12 times higher than that of EC. Significantly, the elongation at break of the HPEI-EC film was 13.43%, which is higher than that of the EC film (8.9%), and the HPEI-EC film had a considerable tensile strength of 13.21 MPa. Such good mechanical properties of the HPEI-EC film bring about the advantage of the saturated HPEI-EC film, allowing it to be easily taken out using a pair of tweezers, which significantly reduces the operation time and saves the cost in the application process. Furthermore, the HPEI-EC film possessed good reusability, and 71.6% of the original adsorption capacity of phosphate was retained even after five cycles. Moreover, the electrostatic interaction between protonated the amine group (-NH3+) and the phosphate ion (PO43-) is mainly responsible for the adsorption process. This study presents a low-cost and reusable film adsorbent for the effective removal of phosphate from water and provides an easy solid-liquid separation method for use in the adsorption field.