Cross-Border Cooperation Programmes as a Sustainable Tool for Tourism Development: The Case of the Kaliningrad Region

Abstract

This research analyses cross-border cooperation programmes as a sustainable tourism development tool used in Russian and EU border regions. Special attention is paid to the Kaliningrad region and its role in the development of cross-border tourist routes. The natural and cultural heritage of the region contributes to its tourism potential. In recent years, Kaliningrad has established itself as a popular destination for domestic and international tourists. Tourism has become a decisive factor in achieving regional sustainability and in increasing the attractiveness of the territory. This paper analyses three types of tourism that are central to cross-border cooperation programmes: nature tourism, health tourism, and cultural tourism. The emphasis is placed on the recent advancement in these areas and their effect on regional social and economic development and the well-being of Kaliningraders. Nature tourism projects launched within cross-border cooperation programmes have increased the number of natural sites open to visitors and contributed to their better protection. Health tourism projects have built on healthcare technologies and stimulated the purchasing of new equipment, which is now used by healthcare organisations. Cultural tourism projects have been important for the revitalisation of cultural and historical sites, the introduction of new technologies, the development of new tourist routes and the organisation of new events for tourists.