Introduction

Abstract

Egypt is one of the most old countries worldwide. It has a great history and an amazing civilization. This civilization established and flowered on the two sides of the Nile River. Depending on both the freshwater from the Nile and fertile soils, this civilization is extended for thousands of years. The wonderful location of Egypt besides the temperate weather, the metal wealth, and oil, they enforced Egypt to be a prey to the colonists. So, several colonists tried to occupy the Egyptian lands but it has been destroyed and overcame these enemies. Therefore, the Egyptian soils were and still the domain factor in agricultural production. These soilsSoils have several functions in our life associated with the goals of UN sustainableSustainable development as well as the ecosystem services. These soil-related ecosystem services also could be subdivided into regulating, provisioning, and cultural subgroups. So, this book is an attempt to discuss the Egyptian soils including the following issues: the historical research of Egyptian soils, the climate and its changes, soil pollutionSoil pollution, soil mapsSoil map and major soil types, soil fertilitySoil fertility, and its security, as well as future soil issues.