Germ cell tumors of the ovaries

Abstract

The basic classification of ovarian germ cell tumors has largely remained unchanged for several decades. Ovarian germ cell tumors develop from primordial germ and stem cells that differentiate into extraembryonal and somatic tissues. In most cases, benign and malignant ovarian germ cell tumors can be correctly diagnosed due to their characteristic morphologic profiles. Several immunohistochemical (IHC) markers are widely available and can significantly facilitate tumor typing of germ cell tumors, especially in high grade tumors or in atypical clinical scenarios. In this chapter, the clinicopathologic features of ovarian germ cell tumors will be reviewed, with emphasis on morphology and diagnostically useful IHC markers.