Cellular responses to modified Plasmodium falciparum MSP1 19antigens in individuals previously exposed to natural malaria infection

Abstract

Background. MSP1 processing-inhibitory antibodies bind to epitopes on the 19 kDa C-terminal region of the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP119), inhibiting erythrocyte invasion. Blocking antibodies also bind to this antigen but prevent inhibitory antibodies binding, allowing invasion to proceed. Recombinant MSP119had been modified previously to allow inhibitory but not blocking antibodies to continue to bind. Immunization with these modified proteins, therefore, has the potential to induce more effective protective antibodies. However, it was unclear whether the modification of MSP119would affect critical T-cell responses to epitopes in this antigen. Methods. The cellular responses to wild-type MSP1 19and a panel of modified MSP119antigens were measured using an in-vitro assay for two groups of individuals: the first were malaria-nave and the second had been naturally exposed to Plasmodium falciparum infection. The cellular responses to the modified proteins were examined using cells from malaria-exposed infants and adults. Results. Interestingly, stimulation indices (SI) for responses induced by some of the modified proteins were at least two-fold higher than those elicited by the wild-type MSP1 19. A protein with four amino acid substitutions (Glu27Tyr, Leu31Arg, Tyr34Ser and Glu43Leu) had the highest stimulation index (SI up to 360) and induced large responses in 64% of the samples that had significant cellular responses to the modified proteins. Conclusion. This study suggests that specific MSP119variants that have been engineered to improve their antigenicity for inhibitory antibodies, retain T-cell epitopes and the ability to induce cellular responses. These proteins are candidates for the development of MSP1-based malaria vaccines. © 2009 Okafor et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.