Posttraumatic enophthalmos and three-dimensional imaging

Abstract

Enophthalmos following trauma occurs secondary to an increase in orbital volume although traumatic atrophy of soft tissue may play a role [1]. Whether presenting in the acute or chronic phase, such cases can be challenging to evaluate and manage. Patients will report abnormalities in blink, ocular discomfort, visible deformity, or diplopia. Globe projection asymmetry of 2 mm or greater is typically cosmetically noticeable [2, 3]. In this chapter, we review the relevant anatomy of the orbit, the pathophysiology of enophthalmos, mechanisms of injury, evaluation, and management. Other masqueraders of traumatic enophthalmos will be discussed. The use of modern three-dimensional imaging techniques and its role in reconstruction will also be examined.