Reuse of municipal wastewater for different purposes based on a modular treatment concept

Abstract

Due to water scarcity and water pollution, the importance of water reuse is increasing more and more. As part of a German research programmeonwater reuse, the effluent of awastewater treatment plant in the coastal region of northern Germany was used to investigate within the project MULTI-ReUse the direct treatment of tertiary effluent for usage in different applications in industry or agriculture. A modular constructed pilot system has been operated to optimize different treatment chains producing different water qualities simultaneously. The technological focus was put on membrane technologies, namely ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO), and also biofiltration, adsorption and disinfection were part of the piloting. Beside the development of monitoring strategies for ensuring biological and chemical safe water qualities, the operational stability and the safe transport of water to the consumers were examined. The direct treatment of wastewater is a demanding task due to the lack of dilution and hydraulic retention time in the receiving water (environmental buffer). However, the multiple barrier approach guaranteed constant securewater. Fine adjustments of individual processeswere particularly important. A stable operation of the UF could be realized in particular by usingmore or less intermittent inline coagulation as coating. The RO performance could be improved significantly by using monochloramine as disinfectant to minimize biofouling.