Introduction

Abstract

This introduction analyses the origins of the terms ‘cruel’, ‘inhuman’ and ‘degrading’, two of which are used in Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). It argues that the meaning of each of the terms should be considered separately in light of shared moral values. It notes that the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has not been asked to determine whether benefit sanctions in the UK constitute ‘inuman or degrading treatment’ and are in breach of Article 3, and explains that the aim of the book is to provide the evidence to determine whether the benefit sanctions regime in the UK is acceptable as it stands, is capable of being reformed or needs to be replaced. The introduction also includes an account of the origins of the book and a description of its contents.