The Growth of Urban Heat Island Effect Monitored in a Rapidly Developing City of Lombok Island

Abstract

The study aims to monitor urban development around Mataram City and the correlation between Urban Heat Island. Also, analyze the vegetation and built-up changes surrounding Mataram City with Land Surface Temperature (LST) growth. The boundary of the study location is a 25-kilometer radius from the Mataram City centroid. The data used in this research is Landsat 8 Surface Reflectance for the period June-September in 2013, 2019 and 2023 obtained from Google Earth Engine. The Random Forest method is used to obtain land use classification with urban, rice fields, dry land, water bodies, and vegetation. NDBI values are processed from Shortwave infrared (SWIR) and Near-infrared (NIR), NDVI from Near-infrared (NIR) and Red, and LST from thermal bands. The data processing results indicate that Mataram City and its neighboring areas are showing growth, marked by rising NDBI and LST values. This growth is characterized by an expansion of built-up areas to the north, east, and south especially rings 4 and 5, simultaneously by higher NDBI values. Additionally, there is a decrease in vegetation cover, particularly in lowland areas within these rings, leading to a decline in NDVI values. Areas with increased NDBI values also show an increase in LST.