From household-based sanitation facilities to urban-scale infrastructure

Abstract

Around the world, urban sanitation continues to pose a significant challenge to achieve Sustainable Development Goals number 6. In a particular comparison with neighboring countries, Indonesia is known to lag behind in coverage and quality of urban sanitation infrastructures. Based on our experiences, we take closer look what type of technical solution, implementation, and approaches have been applied and their evaluation over time. For the future, we are looking for new, more flexible and comprehensive approaches to address significant development gaps after implementation our historical sanitation technologies approaches as: (1) Low cost urban sanitation facilities of Water and Sanitation Decade, 1980-1990; (2) Decentralization of urban sanitation infrastructures of Millennium Development Goals, 1990-2015; (3) The development of citywide versus medium sized communal sanitation infrastructures, 2015-today. By taking a longer historical view as we have done from 1980 until now, we identify that City Wide Inclusive Sanitation (CWIS) approach will be the one of the development approaches of urban sanitation infrastructures and facilities that can accelerate development of safely-managed urban sanitation in Indonesia. CWIS is a comprehensive planning and implementation approach for improving and developing the whole urban sanitation development including its service chain.