Summary and Future Directions

Abstract

The preceding chapters have outlined the current state-of-the-art understanding of how spaceflight environments alter the anatomical and physiological integrity of human nervous systems and related structures. Despite how far we have come, there is still much to be learned about these consequences of space travel and how to mitigate them. In addition, various physiological challenges may have combined, potentially synergistic, effects that are not fully accounted for. Therefore, further research and technology development is necessary to help protect the crew and their missions. These efforts will help enable human deep space exploration to address fundamental questions about our place in the Universe and the history of our solar system.