Can we define levels of artificial intelligence?

Abstract

The paper argues for a graded approach to the study of artificial intelligence. In contrast to the Turing test approach, such an approach permits the measurement of incremental progress in AI research. Results on the conceptual abilities of pigeons are summarized. These abilities far exceed the generalization abilities of current AI programs. It is argued that matching the conceptual abilities of animals would require new approaches to AI. Defining graded levels of intelligence would permit the identification of resources needed for implementation.