Massive and modified gravity as self-gravitating media

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Abstract

We study the effective field theory that describes the low-energy physics of self-gravitating media. The field content consists of four derivatively coupled scalar fields that can be identified with the internal comoving coordinates of the medium. Imposing SO(3) internal spatial invariance, the theory describes supersolids. Stronger symmetry requirements lead to superfluids, solids and perfect fluids, at lowest order in derivatives. In the unitary gauge, massive gravity emerges, being thus the result of a continuous medium propagating in spacetime. Our results can be used to explore systematically the effects and signatures of modifying gravity consistently at large distances. The dark sector is then described as a self-gravitating medium with dynamical and thermodynamic properties dictated by internal symmetries. These results indicate that the divide between dark energy and modified gravity, at large distance scales, is simply a gauge choice.

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  • TABLE I. Summary of the various LO scalar operators appearing in this paper. Unless it is explicitly indicated otherwise, we use greek letters for spacetime indices, capital latin letters (A; B;… ¼ 0, 1, 2, 3) for indices in the internal spacetime of the medium and small latin letters (a; b;… ¼ 1, 2, 3) for spatial indices of the medium. Boldface latin capital letters, such as B, represent 3 × 3 matrices.
  • TABLE II. Summary of local symmetries in material spacetime and the corresponding invariant scalar operators. Invariance under SOð3Þs and shift symmetries are assumed by default in all cases.
  • TABLE III. Summary of self-gravitating media with reduced dimensionality, i.e. with less than four Stückelberg fields.
  • TABLE IV. Relationship between material Lagrangians and massive gravity models.
  • TABLE V. Counting of d.o.f. for various LO self-gravitating media in FLRW.

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APA

Ballesteros, G., Comelli, D., & Pilo, L. (2016). Massive and modified gravity as self-gravitating media. Physical Review D, 94(12). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.94.124023

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