In vitro sensitivity of Corynespora cassiicola isolated from soybean to fungicides and field chemical control of target spot

  • Teramoto A
  • Meyer M
  • Suassuna N
  • et al.
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Abstract

ABSTRACT Soybean target spot (Corynespora cassiicola) has become an important disease in most soybean growing regions in Brazil. The sensitivity of 34 isolates of C. cassiicola to 11 fungicides was evaluated based on mycelial growth inhibition (boscalid, carbendazim, cyproconazole, fluopyram, fluxapyroxad, prothioconazole and thiophanate-methyl) or spore germination inhibition (azoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin). In addition, the efficacy of five fungicides to control target spot was tested in four field trials carried out during three crop seasons: 2011/2012, 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. Fungal isolates were collected from soybean plants in several soybean growing areas in Brazil. The effective concentration of each fungicide to inhibit fungal growth or spore germination by 50% (EC50) was calculated for all isolates. Fluxapyroxad and prothioconazole provided the greatest mycelial growth inhibition and pyraclostrobin led to the lowest spore germination percentage, with the lowest EC50 values. At field experiments, cyproconazole and carbendazim showed target spot control ranging from 26% to 29%. On the other hand, fluxapyroxad and prothioconazole prevented an epidemic of the disease by 45% to 55%, respectively. In general, the efficacy of fungicides in the field reflected the in vitro sensitivity averages. Large sensitivity reduction was detected to benzimidazoles (MBC), indicating that this group of fungicides should no longer be used for target spot control. There was a negative and significant correlation (-0.265) between target spot severity and soybean yield. The pathogen showed variability in sensitivity to the fungicide groups carboxamides (SDHI), triazoles (DMI) and strobilurins (QoI), which denotes a high risk of selection for resistance.RESUMO A mancha-alvo da soja (Corynespora cassiicola) tornou-se uma importante doença na maioria das regiões produtoras de soja no Brasil. A sensibilidade de 34 isolados de Corynespora cassiicola a 11 fungicidas foi avaliada pela inibição do crescimento micelial (boscalida, carbendazim, ciproconazol, fluopiram, fluxapiroxada, protioconazol e tiofanato-metílico) ou inibição da germinação de esporos (azoxistrobina, picoxistrobina, piraclostrobina e trifloxistrobina). Além disso, a eficácia de cinco fungicidas para controlar mancha-alvo foi testada em quatro ensaios no campo, conduzidos durante três safras: 2011/2012, 2012/2013 e 2013/2014. Os isolados do fungo foram coletados de plantas de soja em diversas regiões produtoras de soja do Brasil. A concentração efetiva para inibir o crescimento micelial ou a germinação dos esporos em 50% (EC50), para cada fungicida, foi calculada para todos os isolados. Fluxapiroxada e protioconazol proporcionaram as maiores inibições de crescimento micelial do patógeno e piraclostrobina a menor porcentagem de germinação de esporos, com os menores valores de EC50. Nos ensaios de campo, ciproconazol e carbendazim apresentaram percentuais de controle de mancha-alvo variando de 26% a 29%. Por outro lado, fluxapiroxada e protioconazol preveniram a epidemia da doença na ordem de 45% e 55%, respectivamente. No geral, a eficácia dos fungicidas no campo refletiu as médias de sensibilidade in vitro. Foi detectada ampla redução da sensibilidade aos benzimidazóis (MBC) indicando que esse grupo de fungicidas não deve ser mais usado no controle de mancha-alvo. Houve uma correlação negativa e significativa (-0,265) entre severidade da doença e produção da soja. O patógeno mostrou variabilidade na sensibilidade aos grupos fungicidas carboxamidas (SDHI), triazóis (DMI) e estrobilurinas (QoI), o que demonstra alto risco de seleção para resistência.

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Teramoto, A., Meyer, M. C., Suassuna, N. D., & Cunha, M. G. da. (2017). In vitro sensitivity of Corynespora cassiicola isolated from soybean to fungicides and field chemical control of target spot. Summa Phytopathologica, 43(4), 281–289. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/2195

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