Effects of flavonoids and antioxidants of blackberry on skin whitening and erythema

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of flavonoids and antioxidants of blackberry fruit extract incorporated into newly developed emulgel on skin melanin and erythema. Blackberry extract was entrapped in o/w emulsion and then incorporated into gel to formulate emulgel. Base (without extract) and the formulation (containing 4 % blackberry extract) were applied to the cheeks of thirteen healthy female human volunteers for 12 weeks. The base showed insignificant (P ≥ 0.05) while formulation showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in the skin melanin and erythema content. It can conclude that the formulation can be used as skin whitening treatment without causing any skin irritation.