Baseline clinical, hormonal and molecular markers associated with clinical response to IL-23 antagonism in hidradenitis suppurativa: A prospective cohort study

Abstract

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a complex inflammatory disease in which predicting therapeutic response remains challenging. IL-23 interacts with sex hormones but the relationships between the two in HS remains uninvestigated. To assess whether baseline clinical, hormonal or molecular markers are associated with clinical response to IL-23 antagonism with risankizumab in hidradenitis suppurativa. Twenty six individuals with Hurley stage 2/3 disease were administered risankizumab 150 mg Week 0, 4, 12. Baseline sex hormones and skin biopsies were taken. Clinical response at Week 16 assessed by the HiSCR, and differences between responders and non-responders assessed. Eighteen of 26 participants achieved HiSCR50 at week 16 (69.2%). Clinical response to IL-23 antagonism was associated with male gender, elevated total serum testosterone and decreased levels of FSH. Stratification by clinical responders/nonresponders identified differentially expressed genes including PLPP4 and MAPK10. Immunohistochemistry identified elevated numbers of CD11c, IL-17A and IL-17F positive cells compared to nonresponders. CD11c + cells significantly correlated with serum levels of total testosterone and inversely correlated with serum FSH. Clinical response to IL-23 antagonism in HS is associated with serum sex hormones, Th17 polarized inflammation in lesional tissue and CD11c + cells. These potential therapeutic biomarkers require further validation in larger cohorts but may suggest potential targeted HS therapy.