The role of stress in body dysmorphic disorder

Abstract

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a disorder of self-perception that involves the preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect. Those with BDD feel compelled to perform repetitive and compulsive behaviors in response to appearance concerns. Many times, they are consumed by these preoccupations and compulsions, to the extent that it interferes with their daily functioning. In fact, the vast majority of those with BDD report that their symptoms interfere moderately or severely with social, occupational, and/or academic functioning. Furthermore, those with BDD have been found to have notably poorer mental health-related quality of life when compared to the general population and those with acute and chronic medical conditions. In addition, many studies highlight the correlation between early-life stressors and traumatic events and the subsequent development of BDD. Overall, there is undeniably a strong association between BDD and impaired psychosocial functioning, greater perceived stress, and reduced quality of life. Therapies that are targeted at managing the negative thoughts and distress that accompany this disorder have been proposed, including methods to reduce anxiety and stress. These strategies have all proven to be somewhat effective in alleviating symptoms, although BDD continues to be a therapeutically challenging disorder.