Extremophilic Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes)

Abstract

Carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) are a large class of enzymes, which build and breakdown the complex carbohydrates of the cell. On the basis of their amino acid sequences they are classified in families that show conserved catalytic mechanism, structure, and active site residues, but may conflict each other in substrate specificity. To solve the conflict each other in substrate specificity, kinetic studies are essential for categorized in glycoside hydrolase (GH). Among GH family 1 enzymes, some of them are from hyperthermophile origins (i.e. Sulfolobus, Pyrococcos, etc). Recently, the advantage of hyperthermophile enzyme has been studied and commercialized. The main advantage of hyperthermophilic enzyme is that in chemical reactions involving organic solvents, the decrease in viscosity and increase in diffusion coefficient that is achieved at elevated temperatures result in higher reaction rates and low contamination. This review provides up-to-date information on b-glycosidase and the significance of this enzyme.