Chemical reactions involving noncovalent bond formation are discussed with regard to the equilibrium and nonequilibrium states: An equilibrium-to-equilibirum chemical reaction involves change of equilibrium states by changing the environment; a nonequilibrium-to-equilibrium reaction involves change of metastable state to equilibrium. Complex nature of the chemical reactions, especially in the latter, is shown in terms of the multiple-path nature in the microscopic molecular structure changes and macroscopic concentration changes. Irreversible and reversible nonequilibrium-to-equilibrium chemical reactions are also compared in terms of the multiple-path. Helicene oligomers, which reversibly form double-helix and random-coil by temperature changes, are discussed with regard to the reversible nonequilibrium-to-equilibrium chemical reaction with self-catalysis, where notable chemical phenomena appear under nonequilibrium conditions.
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Yamaguchi, M., Arisawa, M., Shigeno, M., & Saito, N. (2016). Equilibrum and nonequilibrium chemical reactions of helicene oligomers in the noncovalent bond formation. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 89(10), 1145–1169. https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.20160133