X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction in Nonideal Crystals

Abstract

The late Professor Krivoglaz thoroughly revised and updated his classic two-volume book on this topic which serves as the finest possible testament to the pioneering work of a great scientist. He develops simple cases at the beginning and introduces complexity as required. The coverage of the scattering literature is thorough, and the crystallographer, condensed matter physicist, or materials scientist/chemist is almost certain to find his particular case treated in detail. The first volume presents the most thorough and detailed treatment we have of defects and imperfections in crystals. Included is an excellent pedagogical review of the kinematical theory. Throughout there is experimental comparison with defective crystals. For the latter part this volume provides an extraordinary guide to diffraction theory, useful likewise to senior researchers and newcomers to the field. 1. Distribution of the Scattering Intensity. General Aspects -- 1.1 Diffraction Techniques for Analyzing Imperfections in Crystals -- 1.2 Kinematical Theory of Scattering -- 1.3 Scattering by Perfect Crystals of Finite Size -- 1.4 Scattering in Undistorted Crystals Containing Microscopic Cavities or Inclusions -- 1.5 Scattering by Crystals Containing Defects of Arbitrary Type. Classification of Defects -- 1.6 Harmonic Analysis of the X-Ray Line Shapes -- 2. Static Displacements in Crystals with Bounded Defects -- 2.1 Fluctuation Waves of Defects Concentration and Static Displacements -- 2.2 Macroscopic Theory for the Static Displacement Waves -- 2.3 Microscopic Theory for the Static Displacement Waves -- 2.4 Static Displacement Fields Around Bounded Defects -- 2.5 Static Distortions in Quasi-One-Dimensional and Quasi-Two-Dimensional Crystals -- 3. Positions and Intensities of Regular Reflection Peaks -- 3.1 Shift of X-Ray Lines in Imperfect Crystals and the Determination of Defect Concentrations -- 3.2 Regular Reflection Intensities in Perfect Crystals -- 3.3 Effect of Static Displacements on Intensities of Regular Reflections -- 3.4 Effect of Thermal Vibrations in Imperfect Crystals -- 3.5 Debye-Waller Factors in Dynamical Diffraction Effects -- 4. Diffuse Scattering of X-Rays and Neutrons by Crystal Defects -- 4.1 Weakly Distorted Crystals -- 4.2 Effects of Groups of Point Defects, New-Phase Particles, or Small-Radius Dislocation Loops -- 4.3 Intensity Distribution for Scattering by Strongly Distorted Crystals with Finite Defects -- 4.4 Strongly Anisotropic Crystals -- 4.5 Effect of Finite Defects in Thin Films and Surface Layers on X-Ray Scattering -- 5. Scattering of X-Ray and Neutrons in Crystals with Dislocations -- 5.1 Broadening of Peaks by Randomly Distributed Defects of the Second Class -- 5.2 Effect of Nonrandom Dislocation Arrangement on Scattering Intensity Distribution -- 5.3 Diffraction Methods of Investigation of Dislocation Ensembles -- Appendices -- A. Cumulant Expansion -- B. Equations for Amplitudes of Static Displacement Waves for Various Crystal and Defect Symmetries -- D. Mean Squares of Static Displacements in fee Crystals -- for Strongly Deformed Crystals Containing Limited-Size Defects -- F. Calculation of T for Homogeneous Dislocation Ensemble -- References.