Molecular phylogenetic of Hutan Sumatera goat (Sumatran serow) and domestic goat (Capra hircus) in Indonesia based on analysis mitochondrial cytochrome b gene

Abstract

Background: Hutan Sumatera goat (Sumatran serow) is one of wildlife that is quite similar to the domesticatic goats and have never been investigated at the molecular level. Indonesian society believes that Hutan Sumatera goat belongs to the group of the genus Capra, therefore, this animal is called a wild goat or forest goat. Hutan Sumatera goat has been categorized as an endangered species in the IUCN as red list. Materials and Methods: The genomic DNA of Sumatran serow and Indonesian goat were isolated by gSYNC DNA Mini Kit (Geneaid) and cytochrome b gene was amplified using PCR method with a pair of primer. Cytochrome b gene region was amplified completely from all samples with a length 1140 bp. Results: Alignment results show that there are many nucleotide differences between Hutan Sumatera goat and Indonesian domestic goats. Translation nucleotide results indicate that there are 11 different amino acids between Hutan Sumatera goat and domestic goats except with JAW (12 amino acids) and GS (10 amino acids). The percentage of A+T and G+C on Hutan Sumatera goat is 56.4 and 43.6%, whereas the Indonesian domestic goat is 58.6 and 41.4%. Using the restriction enzyme Bam HI results in differences fragments between Hutan Sumatera goats and domestic goats. In the Cyt b gene Hutan Sumatera goat was cut on site 561 bp to produce two DNA bands, while in the domestic goat there is no cutting of DNA fragments at the site. Conclusion: The genetic distance between Hutan Sumatera goats ranged from 0.001-0.004, while the Hutan Sumatera goat to domestic goat ranged from 0.001-0.118. Based on a phylogenetic tree analysis, Hutan Sumatera goat form a group with genus Capricornis. This suggests that goat Hutan Sumatera goat is a part of the genus Capricornis.