Rates and Processes of Natural Regeneration in Disturbed Habitats

Abstract

This paper focuses on the rates and processes (from seed production to standing vegetation) of natural regeneration in habitats disturbed by recreation impacts, with special emphasis on the subarctic mountain birch forest and neighbouring zones in Fennoscandia. Controlled trampling experiments provide important information primarily on the initial vegetation and soil responses during pedestrian trampling or following the cessation of short-term trampling.