Energy policy and perspectives

Abstract

This chapter illustrates energy policy in Japan before and after the disaster associated with the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. In the Strategic Energy Plan approved by the Cabinet in June 2010, it was decided to increase dependence on renewable energies and nuclear power for electricity to about 70% by 2030. After the accident, the plan was completely abandoned, reflecting the concern of the public toward the safety of nuclear power generation. Nonetheless, there has been a growing concern regarding the current status of energy system in which very little nuclear power generation is operated. Complete dependence on fossil fuels has threatened energy security and reduced national welfare. The government has been unable to provide effective and consistent policies that are acceptable to the majority of people. The introduction of the feed-in tariff for renewables accelerated the deployment of photovoltaic cells, but this has leveled off to maintain grid stability. The nuclear safety authority and regulation system was refurbished, but it still struggles to gain public acceptance. Feasibility and effectiveness of energy-related R and D programs and electricity system reformation are uncertain. To make energy policy and the policymaking process credible, salient, legitimate, and feasible, we need (1) innovation and integrated design of energy technologies and systems; (2) war of ideas among technologies, institutions, and social systems; and (3) roadmaps illustrating long-term technological and policy trends to realize a sustainable society, not only to assure energy security but also to achieve environmental safeguards, economic efficiency, safety, and industrial and economic development.