Cannabidiol (CBD) Upregulates Vitamin D3 Receptors (VDRs) Expression That Modulates Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), Tissue Elasticity, Cellular Senescence, and Mitochondrial ATP Generation in Human and Rodent Cell Lines

Abstract

Background: Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa L. with very low toxicity for human and a wide variety of therapeutic uses as medicine. The study objective is to evaluate the impact of CBD on vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) protein expressions, tissue elasticity, anti-inflammatory, and anti-senescence activity in human and rodent cell lines.Methods: Cell viability was estimated by MTT assay. Relative quantification (RQ) of VDR protein expression was measured by RTPCR. Tissue elasticity was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cellular senescence and ATP were performed using trypan blue exclusion test and colorimetric assay, respectively.Results: Cell viability assay data showed CBD was safe and nontoxic upto 7.5 mu M. The VDR protein expression was significantly increased by 109.71% (p = 0.013), 236.96% (p