Patología Molecular de los sarcomas

Abstract

Bone and soft tissue sarcomas are rare tumors. Their prevalence is below 1 per 10,000 inhabitants. Some of them are more prevalent in the adolescent-young adult age group, while others usually arise in the late adulthood. From the histopathological point of view there are over 100 sarcoma types. Therefore it is almost impossible to find a clinical trial on a specific sarcoma type. From the molecular standpoint these neoplasms usually fall into two groups: a) sarcomas with specific molecular alterations and relatively simple karyotypes, with translocations giving rise to gene fusions (as EWS-FLI1 in Ewing tumor) or point mutations (as GIST), and b) sarcomas with nonspecific molecular features and complex karyotypes. We will review the different types of mutations in sarcomas as well as their clinical value.