Anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing activity of Calophyllum inophyllum L. oil extracts on C6 glioma cell line

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most lethal type of brain tumors. Current treatment methods of GBM including radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not sufficient to combat this disease and there is a great need to develop new treatment approaches. Calophyllum inophyllum L. is a polyphenol rich plant with wide biological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate cytotoxic, anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity of C. inophyllum oil (CIO) extracts on the C6 glioma cell line to determine its potential use in cancer treatment. Treatment of C6 glioma cells with CIO extracts for 24 and 48 h were resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability with IC50 values of 0.22% and 0.082%, respectively. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling of CIO extract treated C6 glioma cells showed cell proliferation decreased to 55.6% and 30.3% for 24 and 48 h. Percentage of apoptotic cells after CIO extract treatment were found to reach 68.8% after 48 h. Analysis of mRNA expression levels of key genes involved in apoptosis pathway showed that CIO extract treatment induces both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways on C6 glioma cells. Findings of this study showed that CIO extracts are promising in development of new treatment strategies for glioblastoma.